051 – What’s your name? – Listening Practice
Hello! What’s your name? ¿Cuál es tu nombre? o ¿Cómo te llamas? Esta simple pregunta tiene mucho significado, estamos preguntando por la identificación de una persona pero en sí también aprendemos sobre su historia.
Dependiendo del lugar de origen de la persona su nombre tiene diferentes características. Cada cultura tiene sus propias tradiciones, y los nombres no escapan a la regla. Al momento de poner un nombre a un recién nacido hay muchas variables en juego.
En el episodio de hoy aprenderemos algunas de las tradiciones para nombrar a alguien en los países angloparlantes, particularmente en USA y Canadá. Aprendamos juntos qué hay detrás de un nombre, ¡seguramente te sorprenderás!
Escucha aquí la lección:
Aquí puedes bajar los ejercicios para este episodio:
Episode 051 – What’s your name? – Listening Practice
Completa el ejercicio online a continuación:
Inglés-desde-cero-Episodio 051
*Si tienes algún error resaltado en rojo, coloca el cursor sobre el recuadro para ver la respuesta correcta
Vocabulario
| English | Spanish |
| name | nombre |
| first name | nombre de pila |
| middle name | segundo nombre |
| family name/surname/last name | apellido |
| maiden name | nombre de soltera |
| nickname | apodo |
| “named after” | “lleva el nombre de…” |
| man | hombre |
| woman | mujer |
| husband | esposo/marido |
| wife | esposa |
| child | niño/a |
| children | niños/as |
| country | país |
| customs | costumbres |
| married | casado/a |
| grandmother | abuela |
| compound | compuesto/a |
| hyphen | guión |
| marriage | matrimonio |
| obligation | obligación |
| birth | nacimiento |
| tradition | tradición |
| keep | conservar |
| Christian | cristiano/a |
| heritage | herencia |
| Catholic | católico |
| Protestant | protestante |
| spelling | ortografía |
| pronunciation | pronunciación |
| Bible names | nombres bíblicos |
| cultural diversity | diversidad cultural |
| immigrant | inmigrante |
| roots | raíces |
| language | idioma |
| Korean | coreano/a |
| Mandarin | mandarín |
| Chinese | chino |
| Arabic | árabe |
| Spanish | español |
| translation | traducción |
| physical characteristics | características físicas |
| trait | rasgo |
| careful | cuidadoso/a |
Transcripción
¡Hola estudiantes de inglés! Este episodio es especial ya que estamos muy enfocados en hacer crecer su confianza al escuchar y comprender el inglés. Esto implica dar un gran paso para alcanzar la futura fluidez. Para ello hemos establecido objetivos muy útiles, que pondremos en práctica en los nuevos episodios:
- Perder el miedo. Moving past fear
- Desarrollar la confianza en uno mismo. Developing self-confidence
- Afinar el oído. Getting used to listening practice
- Desarrollar estrategias para escuchar con precisión. Developing strategies for listening more accurately
Hemos elegido un tema interesantísimo para que sea una motivación extra: Los nombres y qué hay detrás de ellos.
En este episodio vamos a lograr estos objetivos tras la lectura de un texto.
Primero, vamos a revisar algo de vocabulario útil para la lectura. Siguiente, voy a leer el texto a una velocidad normal. Lo más probable es que no conozcas muchas palabras en este texto. Toma esta primera lectura para escuchar de forma activa e intenta percibir palabras que conozcas. Puede que reconozcas solamente una o dos palabras en una frase entera. Eso ya es un gran logro, así que ¡no te desanimes!
Después de la primera lectura, te haré tres preguntas. Esto será una prueba. Recuerda que esto es un ejercicio con las cuatro finalidades propuestas que compartí hace un momento. En ese momento, no daré las respuestas a las preguntas, pero seguiré la lección leyendo otra vez el texto más lentamente. Al final revisaremos las preguntas y les daré las respuestas.
Para terminar, volveré a leer el texto con una velocidad normal, será la tercera vez que la escuchas. Por supuesto, si quieres repasar el episodio, ¡puedes volver a escucharlo!
Ojo, puede ser una ayuda revisar la transcripción, que se encuentra en nuestro sitio web. Haz clic en el enlace que está en las notas que acompañan este episodio y podrás ver toda la transcripción. Si lees y escuchas al mismo tiempo, puede ser un ejercicio muy útil. A veces la ortografía te ayudará a entender una frase por su similitud al español.
Bien, ¡empecemos!
Primero, te doy el vocabulario útil para esta lectura. Escucha y repite:
- Nombre. Name
- Nombre de pila. First Name. Su traducción literal es “primer nombre”
- Segundo nombre. Middle Name. Su traducción literal “nombre del medio”
- Apellido. Family Name, Surname o Last name – Esto sería “último nombre” o “nombre de familia”.
- Nombre de soltera. Maiden Name
- Apodo. Nickname
- “Lleva el nombre de…”. “Named after”
Y, algo de vocabulario más general:
- un hombre = a man
- una mujer = a woman
- un esposo/marido = a husband
- una esposa = a wife
- un niño, una niña = a child
- casado, casada = married
- país = country
Ahora, voy a leer el texto.
Escucha atentamente. Listen carefully.
Primera Lectura
Naming traditions
What is behind a name? Names are defined by different customs and traditions depending on where you were born.
Naming customs in the USA and Canada are sometimes very different from the customs in Spain and Latin America. For example, in the USA and Canada, as in many other English-speaking countries, children are given their father’s family name. In contrast, in Spain and most Latin American countries, two surnames are used, one is the father’s family name and the other is the mother’s family name.
In English speaking countries a complete name normally consists of a first name, an optional middle name, and a family name, also known as “surname” or “last name”, for example:
- John Smith where «John» is the first name and «Smith» is the family name.
- Mary Rachel Jones, “Mary” is the first name, “Rachel” is the middle name and “Jones” is the last name.
Parents usually name their children after someone else in their family, for example, the child’s grandmother.
As I mentioned before, middle names are optional and they aren’t used in day-to-day life. However, most Canadians have one, and some people have multiple.
It is normal for a child to be given the father’s surname, but some parents may choose to give their children a compound surname, with both of their surnames joined by a hyphen, for example, Jason Brown-Williams.
It is traditional for women to take their husband’s last name at marriage, though this is not an obligation. Most women decide to lose their “maiden name”, which is the surname or family name a woman has from birth until she gets married, and then takes her husband’s last name.
This tradition is changing slowly, and more women are choosing to keep their father’s family name when they get married, instead of using their husbands’, but in some periods of the late 1900s, it was more common for women to keep their maiden name.
Many first names are similar to Latin America and Spain because of the Christian heritage that’s common in Catholic and Protestant countries. For example, in English, we use Rebecca, Leah, Sara, Thomas, Daniel, David, Stephen, and Benjamin. The spelling and pronunciation change a bit for some Bible names, such as:
- Joseph and José
- Andrew and Andrés
- Noah and Noé
- Lois and Luisa
- Rachel and Raquel
- Mary and María (but in English we sometimes use Maria, like in Spanish)
One name that changes a lot is the name “Santiago”, which in English is “James”.
Due to cultural diversity and more immigrants in North America, it’s common to find names with roots in other languages such as Korean, Mandarin (Chinese), Arabic, and Spanish.
In case you hear a name that you don’t recognize you can ask this question “¿Cómo se deletrea?”- “How do you spell that?” or, if you see a new name, you can say “¿Cómo se pronuncia? “How do you pronounce that?”
There is a word in Spanish that doesn’t have a translation to English, and it is very interesting, that word is “tocayo” which is used when two or more people have the same name.
The word “apodo” in Spanish, has a translation, that means “nickname”.
A “nickname” is an informal name for someone, especially a name that you are called by your friends or family, usually based on your real name, physical characteristics, or some other trait.
Using someone’s nickname can be very informal so you should be careful about the context when you use a nickname.
Examples for nicknames in English could be Tony for Anthony, Andy for Andrew, Dan for Daniel, and so on. Tony for Anthony, Andy for Andrew, Dan for Daniel, and so on. Some names have common nicknames that can be used for men and women, such as “Pat” for the woman’s name “Patricia” or for the man’s name, “Patrick”.
Do you know any nicknames in English?
Perfecto, esto ha sido la lectura de hoy, ¿entendiste todo?
Tengo tres preguntas:
- ¿Qué significa surname?
- ¿De dónde vienen muchos de los nombres en inglés?
- ¿Cuál palabra en español relacionada a los nombres no tiene traducción directa al inglés?
Ahora, voy a volver a leer el texto. Recuerda que te puedes enfocar en las palabras que conozcas.
En este instante, estamos escuchando con un objetivo: poder responder a las tres preguntas anteriores, las repito:
- ¿Qué significa surname?
- ¿De dónde vienen muchos de los nombres en inglés?
- ¿Cuál palabra en español relacionada a los nombres no tiene traducción directa en inglés?
¿Listo? Voy a leer el texto más lentamente. ¡Empecemos!
Segunda lectura
Naming traditions
What is behind a name? Names are defined by different customs and traditions depending on where you were born.
Naming customs in the USA and Canada are sometimes very different from the customs in Spain and Latin America. For example, in the USA and Canada, as in many other English-speaking countries, children are given their father’s family name. In contrast, in Spain and most Latin American countries, two surnames are used, one is the father’s family name and the other is the mother’s family name.
In English speaking countries a complete name normally consists of a first name, an optional middle name, and a family name, also known as “surname” or “last name”, for example:
- John Smith where John is the first name and Smith is the family name.
- Mary Rachel Jones, “Mary” is the first name, “Rachel” is the middle name and “Jones” is the last name.
Parents usually name their children after someone else in their family, for example, the child’s grandmother.
As I mentioned before, middle names are optional and they aren’t used in day-to-day life. However, most Canadians have one, and some people have multiple.
It is normal for a child to be given the father’s surname, but some parents may choose to give their children a compound surname, with both of their surnames joined by a hyphen, for example: Jason Brown-Williams.
It is traditional for women to take their husband’s last name at marriage, though this is not an obligation. Most women decide to lose their “maiden name”, which is the surname or family name a woman has from birth until she gets married, and then takes her husband’s last name.
This tradition is changing slowly, and more women are choosing to keep their father’s family name when they get married, instead of using their husbands’, but in some periods of the late 1900s, it was more common for women to keep their maiden name.
Many first names are similar to Latin America and Spain because of the Christian heritage that’s common in Catholic and Protestant countries. For example, in English, we use Rebecca, Leah, Sara, Thomas, Daniel, David, Stephen, and Benjamin. The spelling and pronunciation change a bit for some Bible names, such as:
- Joseph and José
- Andrew and Andrés
- Noah and Noé
- Lois and Luisa
- Rachel and Raquel
- Mary and María (but in English we sometimes use Maria, like in Spanish)
One name that changes a lot is the name “Santiago”, which in English is “James”.
Due to cultural diversity and more immigrants in North America, it’s common to find names with roots in other languages such as Korean, Mandarin (Chinese), Arabic, and Spanish.
In case you hear a name you don’t recognize you can ask this question “¿Cómo se deletrea?”- “How do you spell that?” or, if you see a new name, you can say “¿Cómo se pronuncia? “How do you pronounce that?”
There is a word in Spanish that doesn’t have a translation to English, and it is very interesting, that word is “tocayo” which is used when two or more people have the same name.
The word “apodo” in Spanish has a translation, that means “nickname”.
A “nickname” is an informal name for someone, especially a name that you are called by your friends or family, usually based on your real name, physical characteristics, or some other trait.
Using someone’s nickname can be very informal so you should be careful about the context when you use a nickname.
Examples for nicknames in English could be: Tony for Anthony, Andy for Andrew, Dan for Daniel, and so on. Some names have common nicknames that can be used for men and women, such as “Pat” for the woman’s name “Patricia” or for the man’s name, “Patrick”.
Do you know any nicknames in English?
¡Perfecto!
Recuerda que puedes retroceder en el audio para volver a escuchar la grabación si quieres repasar más veces la lectura.
Ahora, para responder a las preguntas:
- ¿Qué significa «surname»?
- ¿De dónde vienen muchos de los nombres en inglés?
- ¿Cuál palabra en español relacionada a los nombres no tiene traducción directa al inglés?
Primero, ¿qué significa surname?
La respuesta es: “surname” , “family name” y “last name” significan lo mismo, son todos usados para referirse al apellido.
Segundo, ¿de dónde vienen muchos de los nombres en inglés?
En el texto leí que una gran cantidad de los nombres en inglés provienen de la biblia, debido a la historia y las tradiciones en países católicos y protestantes. Lo mismo pasa en español y por eso hay muchos nombres similares entre los dos idiomas.
La tercera y última pregunta fue: ¿Cuál palabra en español relacionada a los nombres no tiene traducción directa al inglés?
La respuesta aquí es tocayo, así que si respondiste eso, acertaste. Ahora, si buscas la traducción literal de tocayo, te va a aparecer la palabra “namesake” N-A-M-E-S-A-K-E, pero en realidad tiene un uso distinto. Namesake se refiere a un niño que lleva el nombre de su abuelo, en ese caso el niño es el namesake del abuelito. No se usa para personas que no sean familiares.
Bien, excellent!
Ahora vamos a volver a escuchar la lectura, esta vez intenta percibir las palabras que has aprendido y escucha para entender las respuestas de las preguntas que acabamos de revisar.
Tercera lectura
Naming traditions
What is behind a name? Names are defined by different customs and traditions depending on where you were born.
Naming customs in the USA and Canada are sometimes very different from the customs in Spain and Latin America. For example, in the USA and Canada, as in many other English-speaking countries, children are given their father’s family name. In contrast, in Spain and most Latin American countries, two surnames are used, one is the father’s family name and the other is the mother’s family name.
In English speaking countries a complete name normally consists of a first name, an optional middle name, and a family name, also known as “surname” or “last name”, for example:
- John Smith where John is the first name and Smith is the family name.
- Mary Rachel Jones, “Mary” is the first name, “Rachel” is the middle name and “Jones” is the last name.
Parents usually name their children after someone else in their family, for example, the child’s grandmother.
As I mentioned before, middle names are optional and they aren’t used in day-to-day life. However, most Canadians have one, and some people have multiple.
It is normal for a child to be given the father’s surname, but some parents may choose to give their children a compound surname, with both of their surnames joined by a hyphen, for example: Jason Brown-Williams.
It is traditional for women to take their husband’s last name at marriage, though this is not an obligation. Most women decide to lose their “maiden name”, which is the surname or family name a woman has from birth until she gets married, and then takes her husband’s last name.
This tradition is changing slowly, and more women are choosing to keep their father’s family name when they get married, instead of using their husbands’, but in some periods of the late 1900s, it was more common for women to keep their maiden name.
Many first names are similar to Latin America and Spain because of the Christian heritage that’s common in Catholic and Protestant countries. For example, in English, we use Rebecca, Leah, Sara, Thomas, Daniel, David, Stephen, and Benjamin. The spelling and pronunciation change a bit for some Bible names, such as:
- Joseph and José
- Andrew and Andrés
- Noah and Noé
- Lois and Luisa
- Rachel and Raquel
- Mary and María (but in English we sometimes use Maria, like in Spanish)
One name that changes a lot is the name “Santiago”, which in English is “James”.
Due to cultural diversity and more immigrants in North America, it’s common to find names with roots in other languages such as Korean, Mandarin (Chinese), Arabic, and Spanish.
In case you hear a name that you don’t recognize you can ask this question “¿Cómo se deletrea?”- “How do you spell that?” or, if you see a new name, you can say “¿Cómo se pronuncia? “How do you pronounce that?”
There is a word in Spanish that doesn’t have a translation to English, and it is very interesting, that word is “tocayo” which is used when two or more people have the same name.
The word “apodo” in Spanish, has a translation, that means “nickname”.
A “nickname” is an informal name for someone, especially a name that you are called by your friends or family, usually based on your real name, physical characteristics, or some other trait.
Using someone’s nickname can be very informal so you should be careful about the context when you use a nickname.
Examples for nicknames in English could be: Tony for Anthony, Andy for Andrew, Dan for Daniel, and so on. Tony for Anthony, Andy for Andrew, Dan for Daniel, and so on. Some names have common nicknames that can be used for men and women, such as “Pat” for the woman’s name “Patricia” or for the man’s name, “Patrick”.
Do you know any nicknames in English?
Y ¡ya llegamos al final!
Esa ha sido la lección de hoy, una práctica para el listening. Espero que hayas aprendido algo nuevo sobre los nombres en inglés pero, más importante, que hayas adquirido nuevas estrategias para escuchar el inglés y empezar a afinar el oído para poder identificar palabras conocidas en una oración completa. Poco a poco estás avanzando con el inglés y a través de este ejercicio tomaste pasos importantes para acostumbrarte a lo que es escuchar y comprender el idioma.
¡Te felicito!
Para terminar, gracias por escuchar y ¡hasta la próxima! Until next time!
